Central Virginia Pets: Cold weather care

Pet care in cold weather is straightforward. Just use common sense.

If it is too cold for you to be outside 24 hours a day, then it is too cold for your pet. I make the assumption that if you have a pet, you want that pet to be a part of your family. In that case, make sure your pet is comfortable and not subjected to extremely cold weather.

Winter is a beautiful time of year. You and your pet can have a terrific time running and playing in the cold air and snow with the proper precautions. When returning from an outdoor playtime, make sure you wipe from your pet’s paws and belly any toxic chemicals that may have been encountered while playing or walking.

When you are outside with your dog or cat during extreme cold weather, watch for signs of distress.  Whining, shivering, anxious behavior, lethargy or weakness could be an indication of severe discomfort from the weather.

It does not take long for a dog or cat to suffer extreme distress from frostbitten ears, feet, flanks or belly. Hypothermia will occur when the animal’s body temperature drops significantly below normal, causing the body to shut down.  If you notice any extreme symptoms, you need to warm your pet and get him to a veterinarian immediately.

Dogs with very short coats cannot tolerate the cold.  Some of these breeds are greyhounds, dobermans, boxers, Boston terriers, dachshunds and chihuahuas. Short-haired dogs definitely should not be left out in extremely cold weather for long periods of time.

Although we don’t recommend leaving pets outdoors when the weather is extreme, if it is necessary, be sure to provide a shelter that is set up with dry straw, shavings or similar material that is insulating and traps warm air. Remember that animals bring a lot of moisture into their bedding from rain and snow, so you need to check the bedding often and change it when it is wet. Make sure the animals have access to clean water (not frozen) and good food.

Most cats would rather be indoors during the winter. However, if your cat likes being outside, be cautious and proactive about having a warm, accessible outdoor place for him if necessary. A major hazard for cats is a warm car engine. If an engine is started up with a cat under the hood, the cat could be seriously injured or killed. Check before starting your car.

Take gentle care of elderly and arthritic pets during the winter. The cold air can make their joints stiff and tender. Make sure they have a thick, soft bed in a warm room for the cold nights. Help them when going out on icy walks to prevent injury.

All companion animals need a warm place to sleep away from drafts, not on a cold concrete or tile floor.  A dog or cat bed with a warm blanket or pillow is especially cozy.

Enjoy the winter months with your dog or cat companion. Having them curled up next to you is beneficial for your health, too.

Gray is a board member with the Lynchburg Humane Society.